Kookism Epilogue – Part 3

 

The crisis of both followers and faith has to do with a radical change the Kookism is going through – a change that draws us near to its own decline and end. Yeshayahu Leibowitz once sarcastically noted the following when criticizing Gush-Emunim: “When the messianic bubble of Kook, Levinger and Porat will burst, they will leave the land of Israel and will follow ‘that messiah’ (Jesus)”.

Written By Prof. Gideon Aran

Professor Gideon Aran

Professor Gideon Aran

In other words, Leibowitz asserted that the frustration they will experience upon realizing that some of the territories ought to be evacuated will make them abandon both their Zionism as well as their Judaism.

When we take a closer look at the implications and consequences of the peace agreement with Egypt, and later on at the results of the agreements with the Palestinians, it becomes clear that Leibowitz’s harsh prophecy hasn’t realized. We don’t know of any settlers who gave up their citizenship or address, nor converted their religion or decided to live secular lives. Continue reading

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Nudity Is Equated With Privacy And Haredim Have So Little

 

Unlike modern secular contexts in which nudity is equated with privacy, which itself contributes to the problematics of nudity, it may be that because Haredim have so little privacy, and because their sense of privacy is relatively undeveloped, they have no special sensitivity to nudity.

Written By Prof. Gideon Aran 

In contrast, in the women’s separate mikveh, extreme privacy is preserved, to the point that women enter the pool fully dressed. This is to do with women’s purity being related to sex. They come to purify themselves at the mikveh after menstruating and before they are permitted to have sexual intercourse with their husbands, whereas for men purity is mainly related to prayer and Torah study, which do not involve modesty and certainly not shame.

Another possibility refers to the tendency of Haredim to deny their bodies. In particular they detach themselves from the half of their body below the stomach, an area that is the center of tabooed physicality and sensuality. If the body does not exist, then there is nothing to be ashamed of. Embarrassment would give away awareness of the body’s existence, and confess to its importance. Continue reading

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Jewish Religious Settlers Part 5

 

 Now back to the disputed Territories.  Let me point out the possibility of another alternative, one which is neither the hawkish Gush Emunim nor the leftist shalom achshav  (Peace Now) style.

Written By Gideon Aran 

 

The former sanctify the Territories, hence insist on sticking to them.  The latter see the Territories as anathema, an abomination to be

relinquished as soon as possible, and eliminated not just from the geo-political but from the mental and mythological map as well.  I propose to consider the possibility of returning to the old Jewish agenda, namely the pre-Zionist position, which refrained from annexation initiatives on the one hand, and from sacrilege of the Whole Land of Israel, on the other hand.   Continue reading

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Kookism: The roots of Gush Emunim – Preface Part 4

 

During the time I conducted my research – I had to make sure I don’t miss any vital information and at the same time allow the required intimacy and rapport to develop.

Written By Gideon Aran

Professor Gideon Aran

Professor Gideon Aran

Therefore, and in order to do so I volunteered to become a driver at the time Gush-Emunim first started taking shape. I helped driving the followers who were particularly exhausted from running around the West Bank indefinitely. These were the days when they didn’t even have a single car of their own and so when they had difficulties renting one, they used to ride as hitchhikers. Continue reading

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Jewish Religious Settlers

 

Ironically enough we should remind the Jewish religious settlers that their particular creed is not authentically religious as it pretends to be. To consecrate a place incurs keeping a distance from it. 

Written By Prof. Gideon Aran

The Sacred, in general, is essentially that which is “set apart and forbidden”. Furthermore, while the holy naturally seems attractive and benevolent, it is also aloof and rejecting. Jews in particular have always adhered to their ambivalence towards a sacred place and have been careful to keep a certain distance from it. Continue reading

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Prof. Gideon Aran: The Israeli Settlements in the Territories Part 4

 

The settlements’ beginnings and achievements involved religious originality, thriving religiosity, the exhilarating experience of religious innovation and success.  This great Revival infused the settlers with self-assurance. 

Written By Prof. Gideon Aran

Prof. Gideon Aran

Prof. Gideon Aran

They were certainly afflicted with hubris, not infrequent in the history of extreme religious movements. Recently, however, Gush Emunim has lost a lot of its political and religious confidence.  Does it make the movement a more or a less agreeable partner in a dialogue?  Arrogant settlers or desperate settlers – the violent potential of whom is higher?  Arrogant or desperate settlers – with who would you prefer to negotiate a settlement?

The Jewish settlers’ rhetoric emphasizes the sanctity of the (entire) Land of Israel and builds its opposition to any future withdrawal to the Green Line (pre-1967) borders on it.  Consequently, the controversy about the evacuation of the settlements in the political as well as the academic discourse concerns also the issue of the religious value of the territories.  It is natural then that the discussions in the present conference should touch on this very issue.  Continue reading

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Prof. Gideon Aran: The Israeli Settlements in the Territories – Part 3

 

Let me share with you telegraphically and selectively, some tentative insights that emerged when reading my two-decades old notes, findings or contentions that should be considered in the context of the possibility of future evacuation.

Written By Prof. Gideon Aran

1. During my real time research, the central settling cadres’ age was about twenty to thirty. Right now these imposing and experienced personalities are in their sixties. Some difference: youth versus middle age, trail blazers and revolutionaries versus establishment, adventurous daredevils versus bourgeois with vested interests.

To be sure, the vast majority of the contemporary settlers are young people born in the territories (note their astonishingly high fertility rate), sort of natives, who take present geo-political reality as a given. In fact, it’s hard for them to conceive of a reality essentially different from the present. How does this biographic or demographic fact influence their reaction to the threat of evacuation? Should they present stronger opposition or a weaker one compared to their parents and grandparents, whose settlement was not taken for granted but rather a conscious ideological act of free choice with vision and sacrifice. Continue reading

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Prof. Gideon Aran: The Israeli Settlements in the Territories Part 2

 

Now to the third relevant element in my previous work.  Almost twenty years ago I submitted a Ph.D. dissertation, based on three years of intensive participant observation of the original settlers’ spiritual and political leadership and ultra-activists.

 Prof. Gideon Aran

Prof. Gideon Aran

Written By Prof. Gideon Aran

These were the formative, charismatic, critical years – the mid 70s to early 80s, the Bloc of the Faithful (Gush Emunim) golden age.  The movement soon usurped the national agenda and changed the map of the region.

Like Molier’s naïve comic figure, the commoner who wanted so much to be gentleman, that did not know that he had been talking “prose” all his life; like me at that time, who did not know that I’m actually studying one of the two most important movements in the recent history of the Middle East, – the extreme Jewish national-religious.  (Obviously the other one is the Palestinian liberation movement with its radical religious offshoots).   Continue reading

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Prof. Gideon Aran: The Israeli Settlements in the Territories Part 1

 

My scholarly capital of interest to this conference rests upon three elements in my academic career. First, I have long been an observer of radical religion, religious violence and militancy in general; and I have written on  fundamentalism, Jewish and Middle Eastern fundamentalism in particular. 

Written By Prof. Gideon Aran

Gideon AranLet me make just one point out of many taken from my comparative studies: when talking about the Jewish settlers’ potential for lethal aggression we should take into account the possibility of violence directed toward themselves, that is that incidents of mass suicide may occur.  In many intriguing ways the tragic scenarios of Waco Texas or Johnstown are not far-fetched analogies.

Second, I have authored a book-long research report on the evacuation of Eastern Sinai (Yamit Region 1981-2) following the Israeli-Egyptian peace accord.  Is that evacuation a valid precedent?  How applicable are the extensively studied lessons, especially those concerning the Doom and Gloom forecasts about the possible outbreak of civil war.  Again, I would like to mention just a single conclusion, the one regarding the settlers’ religious ability to absorb extreme frustration.  Continue reading

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